The Indonesian archipelago, a sprawling emerald chain of over seventeen thousand islands, is not merely a geographical wonder but a vast reservoir of cultural profundity. Known to the world for its breathtaking landscapes and vibrant biodiversity, Indonesia’s true wealth lies in its human tapestry—a complex weave of hundreds of ethnic groups, languages, and religious traditions living under the banner of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, or "Unity in Diversity." This national motto is more than a slogan; it is the heartbeat of the nation, pulsating through the oral traditions and ancient wisdom that have guided generations of Indonesians through the tides of history.
At the core of this cultural identity lies the Peribahasa, or proverb. These pithy, metaphorical sayings serve as the moral compass of Indonesian society. They are not simply linguistic flourishes but are deeply embedded in the daily vernacular, used by elders to instruct the young, by leaders to inspire the masses, and by neighbors to resolve conflicts. The wisdom contained within these phrases draws heavily from the natural world—rice paddies, flowing rivers, tropical storms, and native fauna—reflecting a society that has always lived in close communion with nature. Furthermore, the influence of Malay roots, intertwined with Islamic, Hindu, and Buddhist philosophies, creates a unique brand of wisdom that values humility, patience, and communal harmony above all else.
To understand Indonesian proverbs is to understand the concept of Gotong Royong, or mutual cooperation. The proverbs often emphasize the collective over the individual, urging people to work together for the greater good and to maintain social equilibrium. In a world that increasingly champions individualism, the Indonesian tradition offers a refreshing and necessary counter-narrative, reminding us that our strength lies in our ability to coexist, adapt, and support one another. The following collection represents the pinnacle of this wisdom, offering a window into the soul of a nation that finds strength in its differences and harmony in its shared humanity.
POPULAR PROVERBS
Life, Destiny, and Resilience
"Prepare the umbrella before it rains."
This is perhaps the most ubiquitous proverb in the Indonesian language, emphasizing the supreme value of foresight and preparation. It teaches that one should not wait for calamity to strike before taking action; rather, wisdom lies in anticipating future challenges and readying oneself against them. It applies to everything from financial savings to emotional readiness.
"Rice has already become porridge."
This saying serves as a counsel on acceptance and the futility of regret over irreversible events. Once the rice has been cooked down into porridge, it cannot be turned back into grains; similarly, once an action is done, one must accept the consequences and move forward rather than dwelling on the past.
"There is no ivory that is not cracked."
A profound reminder of human fallibility and the impossibility of perfection. Just as even the most majestic elephant tusk has imperfections, no human being or endeavor is without flaws. This proverb encourages tolerance toward others' mistakes and humility regarding one's own shortcomings.
"Where the earth is stepped on, there the sky is upheld."
This is the Indonesian equivalent of "When in Rome, do as the Romans do," but with a deeper connotation of respect and duty. It suggests that wherever one resides, one must not only respect the local customs but actively support and honor the community's laws and traditions.
"A heavy burden is borne together; a light burden is carried together."
This proverb perfectly encapsulates the spirit of Gotong Royong (mutual cooperation). It signifies that true community means sharing both the hardships and the joys of life equally. Whether the task is difficult or easy, solidarity remains the constant requirement for a harmonious society.
"Still water washes away."
Do not underestimate quiet people, for like a calm river that is unexpectedly deep and has a strong undercurrent, they often possess great depth, knowledge, or even danger. It serves as a warning not to judge capability or character solely by outward expressiveness or noise.
"The dog barks, but the caravan moves on."
This saying speaks to resilience and focus in the face of criticism or distraction. It advises that one should continue on their chosen path towards their goals, regardless of the meaningless noise or objections raised by detractors who do not understand the journey.
"Do not think there are no crocodiles because the water is calm."
A caution against complacency, reminding us that danger often lurks in situations that appear safe or serene. It teaches constant vigilance and the understanding that the most significant threats are often those that are unseen or hidden beneath a placid surface.
"Even a squirrel jumps and eventually falls."
This proverb reminds us that no matter how skilled or expert someone is at a particular task, they are still prone to making mistakes. It is used to comfort those who have failed and to humble those who believe they are infallible.
"Whatever happens, we eat or we don't, as long as we gather."
This phrase highlights the Indonesian cultural priority of social togetherness over material comfort. It suggests that being together with family and friends is more important than whether or not there is food or wealth; the act of gathering itself provides the sustenance.
"Rotten flesh will eventually smell."
This serves as a warning that bad deeds, crimes, or secrets cannot be hidden forever. No matter how well one attempts to conceal a lie or an immoral act, the truth will eventually surface and become known to the public.
"Looking for a needle in a haystack."
Used to describe a task that is incredibly difficult or nearly impossible to accomplish. It speaks to the futility of searching for something small and specific in a vast and chaotic environment, often advising one to reconsider the effort required.
"The world is not as wide as a Moringa leaf."
Conversely, this proverb is used when people unexpectedly meet someone they know in a faraway place, or when enemies cross paths. It suggests that the world is smaller than we think, and our paths are destined to cross in unexpected ways.
"Rain of gold in another's land; rain of stones in our own; it is still better in our own land."
A powerful expression of patriotism and love for one’s homeland. It acknowledges that while other countries may offer wealth (rain of gold) and one's own home may offer hardship (rain of stones), the comfort of belonging to one's own culture and land is superior.
"United we stand, divided we fall."
A universal sentiment that is deeply ingrained in Indonesia's struggle for independence and national unity. It teaches that strength is a product of cohesion, while fragmentation leads inevitably to defeat and weakness.
"Like an egg at the tip of a horn."
This imagery describes a precarious and dangerous situation where the slightest wrong move could lead to disaster. It conveys a sense of high tension and the need for extreme caution in navigating a crisis.
"If you are afraid of the waves, do not build a house by the beach."
A warning about accepting the risks associated with one’s ambitions. If one desires a certain lifestyle or career, one must be prepared to handle the inherent dangers and stresses that come with it; otherwise, one should choose a safer path.
"Desire hugs the mountain, but the arm cannot reach it."
This speaks to the pain of having ambitions or desires that far exceed one’s current capabilities or resources. It is a reality check, urging people to be realistic about what they can achieve relative to the means they possess.
"Cruising the ocean while trading."
This encourages multitasking and making the most of every opportunity. It suggests that while one is performing a major task, one should also look for smaller benefits or secondary goals that can be achieved simultaneously.
"Before the sprout grows, the trellis is prepared."
Similar to preparing an umbrella, this speaks to proactive parenting or leadership. It means preparing the support systems and guidance necessary for a child or a project before they even begin to develop, ensuring they grow in the right direction.
Human Relations and Social Harmony
"There is a prawn behind the rock."
This is the Indonesian equivalent of "an ulterior motive." It warns that someone’s outward behavior or offer may conceal a hidden agenda. It teaches skepticism and the importance of looking beyond the surface of social interactions.
"A fence eats the plants."
A metaphor for betrayal by a protector. It describes a situation where someone who was trusted to guard or care for something (or someone) ends up destroying or exploiting it. It is a poignant observation on corruption and breach of trust.
"Like a peanut forgetting its shell."
This proverb criticizes arrogance and ingratitude. It refers to a person who achieves success or high status and subsequently forgets their humble origins or the people who helped them get there. It is a reminder to remain grounded.
"Milk is repaid with poison."
A tragic expression describing a situation where kindness and good deeds are met with malice or betrayal. It highlights the pain of ungratefulness and the harsh reality that good intentions are not always reciprocated.
"One clap does not make a sound."
This emphasizes that a conflict or a relationship requires two parties. It is often used to suggest that in an argument, both sides share some responsibility, or that unrequited love cannot sustain a relationship.
"Like water on a taro leaf."
Water rolls off the waxy taro leaf without leaving a trace. This metaphor describes someone who is impossible to teach or advise; words simply slide off them without sinking in. It can also describe a person who has no firm stance and is easily swayed.
"Because of a drop of indigo, the whole pot of milk is ruined."
This illustrates how a single mistake or one bad person can ruin the reputation of an entire group or destroy a large amount of good work. It serves as a warning to protect purity and reputation diligently.
"Other fields, other grasshoppers; other ponds, other fish."
This proverb acknowledges cultural diversity and the variation of customs. It teaches that different regions have different rules and ways of doing things, and one must be adaptable and respectful of these local variations.
"Face like a double-edged knife."
Used to describe a hypocrite or someone who is two-faced. This person may smile and speak sweetly to your face but will speak ill of you or harm you when your back is turned.
"Throwing a stone and hiding the hand."
This describes a cowardly act where someone causes trouble or initiates a conflict but then pretends to be innocent or uninvolved. It condemns passive-aggressive behavior and lack of accountability.
"A tiger dies leaving its stripes; a human dies leaving their name."
This emphasizes the importance of legacy and reputation. While animals leave behind physical remnants, humans leave behind the memory of their deeds. It urges people to live virtuously so that they are remembered well after death.
"Like a chick losing its mother."
This imagery describes a state of utter confusion, panic, and directionless behavior. It is used when a group loses its leader or when an individual feels completely abandoned and unsure of what to do next.
"Eating the fruit of the jackfruit, experiencing the sticky sap."
This refers to being implicated in a crime or problem despite not having enjoyed the benefits of it. It describes the unfairness of suffering the consequences of someone else's actions without having shared in the reward.
"Like a betel nut cut in half."
This is used to describe two people who look exactly alike or are perfectly matched, often used for twins or a very compatible couple. It signifies symmetry, balance, and aesthetic harmony.
"Close to the eyes, close to the heart."
Unlike "out of sight, out of mind," this proverb suggests that physical proximity fosters emotional bonds. It emphasizes the importance of presence in maintaining relationships and affection.
"Good advice is often ignored, bad advice is followed."
A cynical but realistic observation of human nature. It notes that people often resist wisdom that requires discipline but are easily led astray by temptations or suggestions that cater to their baser instincts.
"Shaming oneself by slapping one’s own face."
This warns against airing one’s dirty laundry in public. By exposing the faults of one's family or close circle to outsiders, one effectively humiliates oneself. It values discretion and solving internal problems privately.
"Like a buffalo with its nose pierced."
This describes a person who has no will of their own and blindly follows the orders of others. It is a critique of passivity and a lack of critical thinking or independence.
"The tongue has no bones."
Because the tongue is flexible, it is easy to make promises or tell lies. This proverb warns that words are easy to say but difficult to trust without action, and that one should be wary of sweet talkers.
"Where there is sugar, there are ants."
This observation suggests that people will always flock to where there is wealth, success, or resources. It can be a cynical comment on fair-weather friends or a practical observation about economic migration.
Work, Effort, and Perseverance
"Raft upstream, swim to shore; pain first, fun later."
This is the quintessential Indonesian maxim for delayed gratification. It teaches that one must endure hardship, struggle, and hard work in the present to achieve success and happiness in the future.
"Little by little, eventually it becomes a hill."
Equivalent to "Rome wasn't built in a day," this proverb extols the virtue of patience and consistency. It encourages small, incremental savings or efforts, assuring that over time they will accumulate into something massive.
"If you don't break the shell, you can't get the marrow."
This emphasizes that nothing valuable comes without effort. To extract the best part of something (the marrow), one must be willing to put in the hard work of breaking the bone. It rejects the idea of easy success.
"Quickly accomplished, quickly undone."
A warning against rushing work. Things that are built or achieved too fast often lack a solid foundation and are likely to fail just as quickly. It advocates for thoroughness and quality over speed.
"While diving, drink water."
This suggests efficiency and capitalization of opportunities. It means doing two beneficial things at once. While engaged in a difficult task (diving), one should also take advantage of the resources available (drinking), symbolizing multitasking.
"Hanging without a rope."
This describes a situation of uncertainty, usually regarding employment or a relationship. It refers to someone who is left in limbo, neither let go nor supported, highlighting the cruelty of indecision.
"A cracked pot is better than no pot."
This teaches pragmatism and making do with what one has. Even if a tool or a resource is imperfect, it is superior to having nothing at all. It encourages resourcefulness over complaining.
"Don't throw away the old water before the new rain falls."
A caution against abandoning reliable resources for uncertain prospects. One should not discard what they currently have based on the mere promise of something better in the future; wait until the new resource is secured.
"Like a chicken asking for a brooding place."
This describes someone who is given a small favor and immediately asks for more, or someone who is overly dependent. It criticizes those who abuse hospitality or generosity.
"Walking without looking back."
This characterizes a person who is decisive and focused on the future. Once a decision is made to leave or start a new venture, they commit fully without dwelling on what they left behind.
"The heavier the rice, the more it bows."
While often used for humility, in the context of work, it implies that those with the most responsibility or knowledge often carry the heaviest weight and show it through their serious demeanor.
"Empty drum sounds loud."
Used in work contexts to identify those who talk big but produce little. The person who makes the most noise about their skills usually has the least substance, whereas the true expert works quietly.
"Trying to hug the moon."
Used to describe an impossible ambition or a goal that is completely out of reach given the current circumstances. It warns against wasting energy on fantasies rather than achievable objectives.
"If there is a will, there is a thousand ways; if there is no will, there is a thousand excuses."
A universal truth about motivation. It asserts that success is primarily a matter of mindset. A person committed to a goal will find a solution to any problem, while a reluctant person will find a reason to quit.
"Sitting equal low, standing equal high."
This proverb speaks to equality and fairness in partnership. In a business or social arrangement, no one should be superior; burdens and status should be shared equally among all participants.
"Like water on a rocky leaf."
Unlike the taro leaf (ignoring advice), this can refer to work that leaves no result. No matter how much effort (water) you pour, it disappears without effect. It warns against investing in futile endeavors.
"To pick up a log, look at the strength of your shoulder."
A practical advice on self-awareness. Before accepting a responsibility or a job, one must realistically assess their own capacity to handle it to avoid failure and injury.
"No rattan, roots will do."
The ultimate slogan of adaptability. If you cannot find the specific material you need (rattan), use what is available (roots). It champions innovation and the ability to solve problems with limited resources.
"Digging a hole to close a hole."
This describes the dangerous cycle of debt. It refers to borrowing money to pay off other debts, solving nothing and only perpetuating the problem. It is a financial warning widely used in society.
"The calmer the water, the deeper it is."
In a professional context, this reminds us that a calm, composed worker often possesses deep knowledge and competence, unlike the frantic worker who achieves less.
Nature, Wisdom, and Character
"Like the rice plant: the fuller it gets, the lower it bows."
This is the ultimate Indonesian symbol of humility. As rice grains mature and become heavy with nourishment, the stalk bows down. Similarly, the more wisdom, wealth, or status a person acquires, the more humble and respectful they should become.
"Above the sky, there is still sky."
A reminder to never be arrogant. No matter how high, powerful, or skilled you think you are, there is always someone superior. It keeps the ego in check and encourages continuous learning.
"A small spark becomes a friend; a large fire becomes an enemy."
This speaks to the duality of nature and power. Fire, like power or passion, is useful when controlled (small) but destructive when it grows out of control. It teaches moderation in all things.
"Throwing salt into the sea."
This proverb describes a useless or redundant act. Adding salt to the ocean has no effect; similarly, giving gifts to the rich or advice to the wise is seen as a wasted effort.
"A drop of water wears away the stone."
Similar to the hill proverb, this focuses on the power of soft persistence over hard resistance. Gentle, consistent effort can overcome even the hardest obstacles or stubbornest personalities.
"Like a frog under a coconut shell."
This describes a person with a very narrow worldview who believes their small enclosure is the entire universe. It is used to criticize ignorance, lack of travel, or narrow-mindedness.
"Don't measure another's coat on your own body."
This advises against judging others by your own standards or assuming that what works for you will work for them. It respects individual differences and circumstances.
"The elephant on the eyelid is not seen, the ant across the ocean is seen."
This highlights the human tendency to ignore one's own major faults while critically pointing out the tiny mistakes of others. It is a call for self-reflection before judgment.
"Like an owl missing the moon."
This describes a deep longing or a feeling of disappointment when something beautiful or desired is taken away or is unreachable. It conveys a sense of melancholy and loss.
"Even if it rains gold in another’s land, it is better to rain stone in your own."
(Reiterated for emphasis on character) This proverb defines the character of loyalty. A person of good character remains loyal to their roots and community, valuing belonging over material gain.
"Water and oil cannot mix."
This refers to two people or elements that are fundamentally incompatible. It suggests that forced unity between opposing characters will never result in true harmony.
"Like a monkey getting a flower."
This describes someone who does not appreciate the value of what they have been given. A monkey will destroy a flower because it doesn't understand its beauty; similarly, foolish people squander valuable gifts.
"The tongue is sharper than the sword."
Physical wounds heal, but words can cause psychological damage that lasts a lifetime. This proverb urges restraint in speech and warns of the destructive power of verbal abuse or gossip.
"A good name is the most valuable treasure."
In Indonesian culture, reputation is everything. Money can be lost and earned again, but a ruined reputation is often irretrievable. Character is therefore the most precious asset one holds.
"Like writing on water."
This describes the futility of teaching someone who does not want to learn, or doing work that leaves no lasting impact. It implies effort that vanishes the moment it is stopped.
"Like a blind man losing his cane."
This depicts a situation of total helplessness. It describes someone who has lost their only means of support or guidance and is left vulnerable to the environment.
"Don't stir up clear water."
If a situation is peaceful and resolved, do not bring up old issues to cause trouble again. It advises against unnecessary provocation and values the maintenance of peace.
"The fruit does not fall far from the tree."
A recognition of genetics and upbringing. Children will likely resemble their parents in character and behavior. It acts as both a compliment for good families and a warning for those with poor reputations.
"Like a worm glowing in the dark."
This describes someone who tries to show off but has no real power or brilliance. It mocks those who are pretentious or who try to appear greater than they are.
"Afraid to spill the water, so the jar is never washed."
This speaks to excessive caution that leads to stagnation. If one is too afraid of making a small mess or a mistake, they will never clean up the larger problems or make necessary improvements.
Ethics, Justice, and Consequences
"Who sows the wind will reap the storm."
This is a classic law of karma. If you start trouble or spread negativity, you will eventually face a reaction that is far more destructive than your original action.
"A debt of gold can be paid; a debt of kindness is carried to the grave."
This highlights the supreme value of kindness in Indonesian culture. Financial debts are finite, but when someone saves you or shows you great kindness, that moral obligation and gratitude lasts for a lifetime.
"Better to die with soil than to live with shame."
This reflects the high value placed on honor (Siri' in some cultures like Bugis). In extreme cases, preserving one's dignity and honor is considered more important than life itself.
"Honesty is the currency that applies everywhere."
While customs and languages change, honesty is a value respected in every culture and situation. It advises that being truthful is the safest passport through life.
"Cutting the water in the tray."
This refers to settling disputes within the family. When you slice water, it separates but immediately comes back together. It implies that family bonds cannot be permanently broken by conflict; they always reunite.
"Like a thief calling out 'thief'."
This describes projection or hypocrisy, where a guilty person accuses others of the very crime they committed to divert attention from themselves.
"Don't lean on a crumbling wall."
This advises against relying on people or institutions that are already weak or corrupt. Trusting unstable foundations will only lead to your own downfall when they inevitably collapse.
"If you pinch your left thigh, your right thigh feels it too."
This metaphor explains empathy and the interconnectedness of a group. If one member of a family or community is hurt, everyone shares in the pain. It promotes solidarity.
"The straight path is often walked on, the winding path is abandoned."
This suggests that living an honest, straightforward life is the most common and safe way, while devious or complicated schemes often lead to isolation and failure.
"Like a leech sucking blood."
A harsh description of exploitation. It refers to a person or entity that drains the resources or life force of another without giving anything in return.
"Giving the heart, asking for the liver."
This describes insatiable greed. When you give someone exactly what they asked for (the heart), and they demand even more vital parts (the liver), it shows they cannot be satisfied.
"Don't spit into the wind."
If you spit into the wind, it blows back into your face. This warns that insulting or attacking your superiors or family usually results in humiliating yourself.
"A lie has short legs."
Lies cannot travel far or last long. The truth moves faster and endures longer. This proverb assures us that deceit is unsustainable in the long run.
"Afraid of the ghost, you hug the corpse."
In trying to avoid a small or imaginary danger, one runs into a much worse, real danger. It warns against making decisions based on irrational fears.
"Where there is a carcass, there will be vultures."
This suggests that where there is corruption or ill-gotten wealth, bad people will gather to take their share. It is a warning about the company one keeps.
"Like a candle illuminating others but burning itself."
This describes self-sacrifice, often used for teachers or parents. While it is noble to help others, it also acknowledges the toll it takes on the provider.
"Don't fish in muddy waters."
Do not try to take advantage of a chaotic situation for personal gain. It is unethical to exploit the confusion or misfortune of others.
"Even gold, if thrown in the mud, remains gold."
A person of true quality and noble character will remain virtuous even if they are placed in a bad environment or suffer a fall in status. Their intrinsic value does not change.
"The hand that gives is better than the hand that receives."
A teaching common to many faiths in Indonesia, emphasizing that generosity is a higher virtue than accumulation. It encourages charity and looking after the less fortunate.
"Customs go down, implies go up."
(Adat menurun, syarak mendaki). This complex proverb suggests that social customs are passed down from ancestors to descendants, while religious knowledge requires effort to ascend and learn. It balances tradition with spiritual growth.
Conclusion
The proverbs of Indonesia offer more than just witty remarks; they provide a comprehensive blueprint for living a balanced, honorable, and communal life. From the rice paddies of Java to the shores of Sumatra, these sayings remind us that while we may be diverse in our backgrounds, our struggles and aspirations are universally human. They teach us that patience is a weapon, humility is a shield, and unity is the foundation upon which all prosperity is built.
In a modern world that often feels fractured, the wisdom of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika—Unity in Diversity—resonates louder than ever. By adopting the spirit of these proverbs, such as preparing our umbrellas before the rain or remembering that we carry heavy burdens together, we can navigate the complexities of modern life with the grace of the ancestors.
Which of these Indonesian proverbs resonated with you the most? Did "The rice has become porridge" speak to your current situation, or perhaps "Sedia payung sebelum hujan" inspired you to plan ahead? We invite you to share your thoughts and favorite sayings in the comments below. Let us keep the spirit of shared wisdom alive.